F. Attendance and School Experience
1. School Year
A child who is required to attend school under Tex. Educ. Code § 25.085 shall attend school each school day for the entire period the program of instruction is provided. Tex. Educ. Code § 25.085(a). Unless specifically exempted by Tex. Educ. Code § 25.086, a child who is at least six years of age, or who is younger than six years of age and has previously been enrolled in first grade, and who has not yet reached the child’s 19th birthday shall attend school. Tex. Educ. Code § 25.085(b). On enrollment in prekindergarten or kindergarten, a child shall attend school. Tex. Educ. Code § 25.085(c). Tex. Educ. Code § 25.0811 provides for the first day of instruction and Tex. Educ. Code § 25.081 requires at least 180 days of instruction per school year; other decisions about the calendar and school year are left to the school districts. Tex. Educ. Code § 25.0811 and Tex. Educ. Code § 25.081.
Special issue: When considering the timing of a school move, courts, DFPS, and school staff should be aware of both the sending and receiving local school district calendars. |
2. Excused Absences for Court-Ordered Activities
A school district shall excuse a student from attending school, including travel, if the student is in the conservatorship of DFPS, participating, as determined and documented by DFPS, in an activity:
• Ordered by a court under Tex. Fam. Code Chapter 262 or Tex. Fam. Code Chapter 263, provided that it is not practicable to schedule the participation outside of school hours; or
• Required under a service plan under Tex. Fam. Code Chapter 263, Subchapter B. Tex. Educ. Code § 25.087(b)(1)(F).
A student whose absence is excused under Tex. Educ. Code § 25.087(b) may not be penalized for that absence, shall be counted as if the student attended school for purposes of calculating the average daily attendance of students in the school district, and must be allowed a reasonable time to make up school work missed on those days. Tex. Educ. Code § 25.087(d).
Special Issue: If feasible, judges may consider scheduling court hearings for school-aged children outside of school hours. Additionally, to ensure a child does not incur unnecessary unexcused absences, it is helpful to clarify in the court order which appointments and activities require the child’s presence or involvement. |
3. Truancy
If a student fails to attend school without excuse on 10 or more days or parts of days within a six-month period in the same school year, a school district shall within 10 school days of the student ’s 10th absence refer the student to a truancy court for truant conduct under Tex. Fam. Code § 65.003(a). Tex. Educ. Code § 25.0951(a). Truant conduct may be prosecuted only as a civil case in a truancy court. Tex. Fam. Code § 65.003 (b). However, if a student fails to attend school without excuse as specified by Tex. Educ. Code § 25.0951(a), a school district may file a complaint against the student’s parent in a county, justice, or municipal court for an offense under Tex. Educ. Code § 25.093, if the school district provides evidence of the parent’s criminal negligence. Tex. Educ. Code § 25.0951(b).
A school district shall adopt truancy prevention measures designed to address student conduct related to truancy in the school setting before the student engages in conduct described by Tex. Fam. Code § 65.003(a) and minimize the need for referrals to truancy court for conduct described by Tex. Fam. Code § 65.003(a). Tex. Educ. Code § 25.0915(a). A school district shall offer additional counseling to a student and may not refer the student to truancy court if the school determines that the student’s truancy is the result of being in the state foster program. Tex. Educ. Code § 25.0915 (a-3).
For more information, please see the Texas Judicial Branch website truancy resources.[19]
4. Extracurricular Activities
A child in foster care may attend a school in the district where the foster parent resides free of charge and a durational residence requirement may not be used to prohibit that child from fully participating in any activity sponsored by the school district. Tex. Educ. Code § 25.001(f). The Office of the Attorney General of Texas interpreted this language to mean that the University Interscholastic League cannot apply any durational residency requirement to children placed in foster care, regardless of whether the placement is the child’s first placement or a move from one placement to another.[20]
5. Discipline
If a school district permits the use of corporal punishment as a method of student discipline, the person having lawful control of a student must provide a signed, written statement each school year to prohibit corporal punishment for that student. Tex. Educ. Code § 37.0011(c). It is CPS policy to prohibit the use of corporal punishment for all children in foster care and caregivers are directed to “opt out” of school policy on corporal punishment in writing on an annual basis.[21]
During the 84th Texas Legislature, the Tex. Educ. Code Chapter 37 was amended to require the designation of a person to serve as the campus behavior coordinator. Tex. Educ. Code § 37.0012. In addition to other duties, the campus behavior coordinator shall promptly notify the student’s parent or guardian if the student is placed into in-school or out-of-school suspension, placed in a disciplinary alternative education program, expelled, or placed in a juvenile justice alternative education program or is taken into custody by a law enforcement officer. Tex. Educ. Code § 37.0012(d). A campus behavior coordinator must:
• Promptly contact the parent or guardian by telephone or in person; and
• Make a good faith effort to provide written notice of the disciplinary action to the student, on the day the action is taken, for delivery to the student’s parent or guardian. Tex. Educ. Code § 37.0012(d).
Tex. Educ. Code § 37.0012 also allows for written notice to be mailed or given by the principal or other designee if the parent or guardian is not reached on the first business day. Tex. Educ. Code § 37.0012(e) and Tex. Educ. Code § 37.0012(f).
6. High School Graduation
Beginning with the 2014-2015 school year, the minimum, recommended, and advanced high school programs were replaced with the foundation program. Tex. Educ. Code § 28.025(h). Graduation requirements now include review of a personal graduation plan (PGP) for some junior high or middle school students and all high school students. Tex. Educ. Code § 28.0212 and Tex. Educ. Code § 28.02121. For further information on the graduation programs, please see the TEA Graduation Toolkit.[22]
Special issue: A PGP provides each student with a roadmap for academic progress, graduation, and college and career readiness. A PGP is a helpful tool to keep students in foster care on track for graduation, especially when their progress is disrupted by school changes. |
If a student in the 11th or 12th grade has failed to comply with the end-of-course assessment instrument performance requirements under Tex. Educ. Code § 39.025 for not more than two courses, the school district that the student attends shall establish an individual graduation committee at the end of or after the student’s 11th grade year to determine whether the student may qualify to graduate. Tex. Educ. Code § 28.0258.[23]
If an 11th or 12th grade student in the conservatorship of DFPS transfers to a different school district and is ineligible to graduate from the district to which the student transfers, the district from which the student transferred shall award a diploma at the student’s request, if the student meets the graduation requirements of the district from which the student transferred. Tex. Educ. Code § 28.025(i).